Types of Cement and their Uses in Pakistan’s Construction Projects

Cement is a fine powder that is a key binding material in construction. It is a hydraulic binder, meaning it hardens when mixed with water and undergoes a chemical process called hydration.

Cement is primarily used to bind or glue other materials, such as aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed stone), to create concrete.

Pakistan's cement industry is a part of the manufacturing companies. There are some top manufacturers in Pakistan providing sustainable and premium quality cement. 

The availability of specific types of cement may vary from region to region, depending on local manufacturing practices and market demands.

Globally Found Types of Cement 

Several types of cement are available globally, each with specific properties and uses.

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

OPC is the most widely used type of cement and is produced by grinding clinker with gypsum. It is available in different grades, such as OPC 33, OPC 43, and OPC 53, which indicate the compressive strength of the cement after 28 days of curing.

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

PPC is produced by blending OPC clinker with pozzolanic materials such as fly ash, volcanic ash, or silica fumes. It offers improved workability, durability, and resistance to sulfate attacks.

Rapid Hardening Cement

This type of cement has a higher rate of early strength development and achieves higher strength in a shorter time. It is commonly used in precast concrete elements, road repairs, and situations requiring quick setting.

Low-Heat Cement

Low-heat cement generates less heat during the hydration process, making it suitable for large concrete structures, such as dams, where temperature rise needs to be controlled to prevent cracking.

Sulphate Resistant Cement

This cement is designed to resist the damaging effects of sulfates, which can be present in soil or water. It is commonly used in construction projects where the concrete will be exposed to sulfate-rich environments, such as coastal areas or wastewater treatment plants.

White Cement

White cement is made from raw materials with low iron content, such as limestone and china clay. It is used for decorative purposes, architectural designs, and for producing vibrant concrete colors.

Colored Cement

Colored cement is produced by adding mineral pigments during grinding. It creates decorative concrete surfaces with a wide range of colors, enhancing aesthetic appeal in architectural designs.

You must have seen architects in Lahore using colored cement mostly in the exterior/interior layout of their commercial projects.

Blended Cement

Blended cement combines OPC and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, slag, or silica fumes. It combines the advantages of different materials and is used to improve specific properties of concrete, such as workability, durability, or sustainability.

High Alumina Cement

High alumina cement is made from bauxite and limestone, with a high alumina content. It has excellent heat resistance and is used in applications that require high early strength and resistance to chemical attack, such as in the construction of kilns, furnaces, and refractory structures.

Expansive Cement

Expansive cement undergoes a controlled expansion after setting, which can compensate for the shrinkage in concrete and reduce cracking. It is used in applications where the prevention of cracking is essential, such as in the construction of grouting and anchoring materials.

Hydrographic Cement

Hydrographic cement, also known as underwater cement or sub-aqueous cement, is specifically designed to set and harden underwater. It is used in underwater construction projects, such as building structures in marine environments or repairing underwater structures.

On the other hand, various cement types in Pakistan are available, each with unique properties and applications. Understanding these types is essential for selecting the appropriate cement for specific construction needs.

If you own a construction business, you must learn the details about all the major widely used building components. 

Types of Cement in Pakistan

Different types of cement and their uses are based on composition and properties. In Pakistan, the most commonly used types of cement and their applications:

• Hydraulic Cement

Hydraulic cement is the most commonly used type in Pakistan. It undergoes hydration, a chemical reaction with water, to harden and develop strength over time.

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is Pakistan's most widely used cement type. Based on compressive strength, it is suitable for general construction purposes and is available in different grades, including OPC-33, OPC-43, and OPC-53.

OPC is versatile and can be used in various construction applications such as building foundations, roads, bridges, and structural elements.

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC)

Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) is a blended cement that contains OPC and pozzolanic materials like fly ash or volcanic ash. PPC offers improved workability, durability, and resistance to aggressive environments.

The pozzolanic materials enhance the cement's properties, making it suitable for specific applications.

For example, PPC is commonly used to construct dams, marine structures, sewage treatment plants, and areas prone to sulfate attacks.

Sulphate Resistant Cement (SRC)

Sulphate Resistant Cement (SRC) is specially designed to resist sulfate attacks from soils and water. In regions with high sulfate content, such as coastal areas, sulfates can penetrate concrete and cause deterioration.

SRC mitigates this risk by incorporating additional mineral compounds for better sulfate resistance.

It is widely used in construction projects near the coast or in areas with high groundwater sulfate content.

White Cement

White Cement is produced from raw materials with low iron content, resulting in a white or off-white color. It is primarily used for architectural purposes, decorative finishes, and precast elements where aesthetic appeal is essential.

White Cement provides a clean and elegant look, making it ideal for applications such as decorative facades, ornamental structures, and artistic designs.

Low-Heat Cement

Low-heat cement is manufactured to produce less heat during hydration, making it suitable for large concrete structures. As a result, it helps reduce the risk of thermal cracking and is commonly used in mass concrete constructions, such as dams, thick foundations, and large retaining walls.

Rapid Hardening Cement

Rapid-hardening cement is designed to achieve higher strength in a shorter time. It is commonly used when early strength development is required, such as repair works, precast elements, or projects with tight construction schedules.

• Non-Hydraulic Cement

Non-hydraulic cement, also known as air-setting or non-hydraulic lime, is not commonly used in modern construction practices in Pakistan. 

Non-hydraulic cement hardens through carbonation, which absorbs carbon dioxide from the air over an extended period. However, its usage is limited due to its longer setting time and lower strength than hydraulic cement.

Lime Putty

Lime putty is a non-hydraulic cement made by slaking quicklime (calcium oxide) with water. It's is known for its plasticity and workability, allowing it to be easily shaped and molded. It's been used for plastering, mortar, and other non-structural applications.

Natural Cement

Natural cement is derived from naturally occurring deposits of argillaceous limestone. It is calcined at lower temperatures than hydraulic cement. It has been used for construction purposes, including masonry and stucco.

Elements to Consider While Buying Cement for Construction in Pakistan

Standardization: Cement types in Pakistan adhere to the standards set by the Pakistan Standards and Quality Control Authority (PSQCA). The most commonly used standard for cement is the Pakistan Standard PS 232-2008, which provides specifications for various cement types.

Availability: The availability of specific cement types may vary by region and manufacturer in Pakistan. While the most commonly available cement type is Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), other types, such as Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC), Sulphate Resistant Cement (SRC), and White Cement may have varying degrees of availability depending on the region.

Brand Differentiation: Several cement companies operate in Pakistan, and each may have its own brand and product offerings. It's advisable to research and consider the reputation, quality, and customer feedback of different cement brands to make an informed decision.

Construction Requirements: The selection of cement types should be based on the specific requirements of your construction project. Factors such as structural design, environmental conditions, and intended use of the concrete will influence the choice of cement type.

Technical Support: Many cement manufacturers in Pakistan offer technical support and guidance to customers. With the rapid increase in home renovation in Pakistan, it is beneficial to consult with industry professionals or contact cement companies directly. Better to seek advice on selecting the appropriate cement type for your project.

Quality Assurance: Ensure that the cement you use is from a reputable manufacturer and meets the required quality standards. Look for cement that carries the PSQCA certification mark to ensure it complies with national standards.

Where to Buy Cement From in Pakistan? 

As for the best cement companies, it is subjective and can vary based on factors such as market reputation, product quality, customer satisfaction, and regional availability. In Pakistan, some prominent cement companies include:

• Lucky Cement
• D.G. Khan Cement
• Bestway Cement
• Maple Leaf Cement
• Fauji Cement
• Attock Cement
• Kohat Cement
• Pioneer Cement

These companies are well-known in the Pakistani cement industry and have established a presence through their quality products and services.

Summing Up!

Understanding the different types of cement available in Pakistan is crucial for selecting the suitable cement for construction projects. Each type has its unique characteristics and suitability for specific conditions. 

Consider the project's requirements, regional factors, and cement quality while choosing the appropriate type for optimal results. Always check the basic quality elements before buying cement from the company. 

Note: It's essential to consult with local experts, engineers, or architects for specific guidance regarding cement types and their suitability for your project. Their expertise will ensure the best choice of cement for your construction needs, considering factors such as structural design, environmental conditions, and intended use of the concrete.